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In this book, he also wrote about the need for separation of powers in governments (d). In The Spirit of the Laws, Montesquieu also wrote of the need for systems of checks and balances in governments (c) so that one division of a government cannot overpower other divisions. They further believed and stated that any government that interfered with these laws and their attendant rights should be overthrown, and moreover that it was the people’s responsibility to overthrow such a government. Enlightenment philosophers believed that all government systems must observe these natural laws (b). This concept meant that every living being was subject to natural laws which gave them basic rights, such as the rights to live, to be free, and to pursue happiness. In 1748, he published The Spirit of the Laws, in which he wrote of “natural laws” or “laws of nature.” These natural laws were a concept in which Enlightenment philosophers believed. His 1721 book Persian Letters used his rhetoric to make indirect criticisms of France’s monarchs and of the Catholic Church system (a).
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Answer (d) that God does not exist is closer to an expression of atheism than of deism. Answer (c) that God may or may not exist, and without proof nobody knows for sure, is closer to an expression of agnosticism than of deism. Answer (b) that God not only exists, but is active personally in daily life, is closer to an expression of theism than of deism.
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This belief promotes the concept of humanity’s free will and rejects the concept of predetermined fates. The most correct expression of deism is answer (b): Deists believe that God does exist and that God created the world and set it in motion, but thereafter is not directly involved in everyday events or the lives of individuals.
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(a) Publishing the satirical picaresque novella Candide For which of the following was Voltaire known? (e) These philosophers came from both France and the United Kingdom, but the English were more motivated by a repressive government.Ĥ. (d) These philosophers came from both France and the United Kingdom, but the French were more motivated by a repressive government. (c) These philosophers were more English, rather than French, as England’s government needed fewer changes to fit with Enlightenment ideas. (b) These philosophers were all French, rather than English, as England’s government needed more changes to fit with Enlightenment ideas. (a) These philosophers were mainly English, rather than French, as England’s government needed more changes to fit with Enlightenment ideas. Regarding the European Enlightenment philosophers, which statement is correct? (e) All of these describe ideas about which Montesquieu wrote.ģ. (d) The need for separation of powers in government (c) The necessity of checks and balances in government
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(b) Natural laws that all political systems must observe (a) Criticism of the monarchy and the Catholic Church Of the following, which answer best describes ideas that Charles Montesquieu presented in his books? (e) God exists, but only in the minds of the individual human beings who conceive of this entity.Ģ. (d) God does not actually exist, but is simply a concept created by human beings who need to believe in a higher being. (c) God may or may not exist there is no evidence to prove or disprove this, so nobody knows. (b) God exists and set things in motion, but does not perform miracles or act on everyday lives. (a) God exists and maintains a hands-on involvement in day-to-day events and individual lives.